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Buried Temple Ruin Parts Discovering on the Peak of Gunungsari Hill by Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey within Wenner Schlumberger Array

Stratigraphical Interpretation of Gunungsari from Gunungsari ERT Survey

According to Shearer and Ashmore (1979), resistivity detector is a kind of instrument which is used on archeological site ground reconnaissance. However, Shearer and Ashmore (1979) stated that resistivity detector was not widely used in the past because it more time consuming and less successful than magnetometer. Nowadays resistivity detector method is starting to be applied commonly in archeological ground reconnaissance due to the advancing of the new technique. The technique is called ERT or electrical resistivity tomography. ERT Survey took place in the peak of Gunungsari Hill. Gunungsari Hill administratively was located in Salam District, near Muntilan City. Salam District is a part of Magelang Regency, Central Java Province. This survey’s main purpose was to discover the missing part of the temple ruin that was suspected below the temple area’s ground.

This research consists of several steps such as litterateur study and field observation, ERT survey, ERT data processing, and then ERT data interpretation and buried objects identification. ERT survey used Wenner Schlumberger array, an electrode configuration which has good vertical and horizontal coverage but it also has vertical and horizontal distortion. Processing ERT data in this research was carried out by X2IPI and Res2DInv software. Data interpretation was conducted by considering about Gunungsari Hill archeology, culture, history, geomorphology, geology, hydrogeology, geophysical characteristic, and also distortion effect of used array.

ERT survey can provide a subsurface map that contains information about both of horizontal and vertical location of buried objects. ERT survey is also easy to be conducted and also it has good precision if the interpreter knew much about the survey area characteristics. ERT survey result on Gunungsari Hill provides information that there are 11 buried andesitic materials those are strongly suspected as buried temple parts. They are located from just few centimeters to a half mater below the surface

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ERT Survey for Analyzing Ammonia Waste Distribution

TOmography Result in Identifying Ammonia Waste Distribution

Electrical Resistivity Tomography or ERT can be used to analyze the distribution of chemical waste below earth surface. ERT survey was applied in Piyungan Garbage Disposal Center that produces a fair amount of ammonia in liquid form. Elcetrode configuration that was applied was Wenner-Schlumberger within 44 meters long tomography line.

Picture above shows the result of ERT in Piyungan. Based on the picture, ammonia waste can be seen infiltrated below earth surface. Ammonia waste just infiltrated in certain location where dominated with clay or sandy materials.

IP Survey for Gold Mineral Prospecting

Result of IP Data Interpretation for Gold Prospecting

Induced polarization is the one of the geosounding method that widely used by geologist to estimate the mineral deposits. Induced polarization basic concepts is measuring the frequency effect or FE from injected electricity with different frequency. Frequency effect is the difference between first measured resistivity value and the second measured resistivity value. Electrode configuration that used in this survey was double dipole array. Processing the data from IP survey used Res2DInv software and for identifying the gold potential part of the pseudosection, flash MX software was used.

Gold mineralization in the survey area is associated with high frequency effect value zone that estimated as the zone of argilic alteration. Gold generally deposited near intrusion zone in veins form. From interpreting the fracture zone overlaid with intrusion zone and zone of high frequency effect, the area which has high potential of gold deposit can be estimated. Based on picture above, the area where gold may be present lay in the middle or upper part of diorite intrusion zone.

 

 

Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Identifying Anticline Structure

Gunungsari Anticline Structure from Resistivity Data Interpretation

Anticline structure can be identified by using Electrical Resistivity Tomography survey or can be called ERT survey. Electrical Resistivity Tomography was conducted in the peak of Gunungsari hill, near Muntilan town in the north of Yogyakarta City. Electrode configuration which was used in the survey was Wenner-Schlumberger, a hybrid electrode configuration between Wenner electrode configuration and Schlumberger electrode configuration. Processing the extracted data from the survey was done by using X2IPI for apparent resistivity data and Res2DInv for inverse the apparent resistivity data to be true resistivity data. Picture above show the interpretation result of true resistivity data distribution. Based on the picture, the anticline bedding clearly can be seen and we can also measure the dip angle of the rock layer from that picture too.

Metode Sintetik Data Hujan dengan Double C-SRD dan CRCSRD

Rain Gauge sebagai pengukur tebal hujan

Hujan merupakan salah satu parameter fisik di bumi yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi hidrogeologi suatu area sehingga dalam kajian hidrogeologi, hujan juga harus dipertimbangkan. Sayangnya ketersediaan data hujan di Indonesia sangatlah buruk. Berbagai metode dan pendekatan dilakukan untuk menciptakan data hujan salah satunya adalah metode terbaru Double C-SRD dan CRCSRD. Sintetik data hujan ini dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan elevasi sebagai faktor utama penentu curah hujan. Sintetik data hujan dengan metode ini sukses menciptakan data hujan bulanan stasiun hujan di Sub DAS Blongkeng dengan nilai deviasi yang sangat kecil dengan data asli dari pengukuran lapangan.

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Erupsi Dahsyat Gunungapi Merbabu dapat Terjadi Akibat Uniformitas Kandungan Air Magmatik

Tekanan Magma jenuh air yang membentuk kaldera.

Gunungapi Merbabu merupakan Gunungapi Stratovolkano dorman yang saat ini sudah dianggap tidak aktif lagi oleh sebagian besar masyarakat. Anggapan tersebut tidak dapat dibenarkan karena aktivitas Gunungapi Merbabu belum menunjukkan suatu aktivitas post vulkanis. Masa dorman merbabu yang sangat panjang yaitu telah mencapai 212 tahun mengacu pada catatan terakhir Van Hinloopen Labberton (1921) dimana kativitas terakhir Gunungapi Merbabu pada tahun 1797.

Masa dorman yang panjang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya uniformitas kandungan air pada magma dalam stock Gunungapi Merbabu yang mengakibatkan terjadinya deformasi tubuh Gunungapi Merbabu yang dapat berakhir menjadi erupsi dahysat. Tekanan uap solfatara yang rendah di Kawah Candradimuka menunjukkan bahwa Gunungapi Merbabu masih aktif dan juga tekanan uap yang lemah tersebut menunjukkan sedikitnya uap air yang terbebas dari dalam dapur magma.

Tindakan-tindakan prevensi dan mitigasi perlu dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi kemungkinan jatuhnya korban baik korban harta maupun nyawa dari erupsi dahsyat yang mungkin dapat terjadi di Gunungapi Merbabu.

Studi Karakteristik Erupsi Gunungapi Merbabu dapat dibaca disini

Geoelectrical (DC-IP) Software Interpretation and Analysis

Software Overview

Download software for interpreting and analyzing geoelectrical data (DC-IP (induced Polarization) in various array via link below (Download software pengolah data geolistrik DC-IP melalui link berikut) :

1D/2D Geoelectrical Software

Res2DInv 1 (Software)

Res2DInv 2 (Plug in)

Res2DInv 3 (Plug in)

X2IPI Software

English Version of IP2 Win Tutorial Now Available

IP2 Win is good software to analyze Induced Polarization (IP) data. Unfortunately using IP 2 Win is not as easy as we think. Little amounts of time are needed for knowing how to use IP2 Win effectively and correctly. Using this IP2 Win Tutorial will help you so much in knowing the basic principles of data input and analyzing in IP2 Win Software.

English version of IP2 Win tutorial now can be downloaded by clicking the link below:

Download IP 2 Win Tutorial (English Version)